![]() In plants, PR-10 homologs function in development and defense ( Fernandes et al., 2013 Liu and Ekramoddoullah, 2006). Analyses of these genotypes could be useful for selecting breeding materials with lower levels of the allergen. There are several cultivars and varieties of strawberries in Japan that produce white and pale fruits. To clarify this contradiction, it is essential to analyze Fra a 1 expression in white-fruited genotypes. However, several studies found no relationship between Fra a 1 expression and fruit color ( Franz-Oberdorf et al., 2017 Kaiser et al., 2016). Transient RNA interference of Fra a 1 reduced the red color of transgenic fruit ( Muñoz et al., 2010), and the Fra a 1 protein has been shown to bind to specific flavonoids ( Casañal et al., 2013). The Fra a 1.01 protein has been targeted as one of the major strawberry allergens ( Ishibashi et al., 2018 Musidlowska-Persson et al., 2007).īased on the experience of symptomatic patients, it has been suggested that Fra a 1 is related to white strawberry fruits ( Hjernø et al., 2006). ![]() × ananassa ( Ishibashi et al., 2018), and 13 paralogs in F. vesca ( Hyun and Kim, 2011). The number of paralogs in the genome differ among genotypes there are over 30 paralogs in F. × ananassa is a member of the PR-10 subfamily, Fra a 1 ( Hjernø et al., 2006 Karlsson et al., 2004), and that in Fragaria vesca is Fra v 1 ( Hyun and Kim, 2011). If the OAS symptomatic population continues to rise, this could reduce strawberry consumption. Among food OAS patients in the Kanto region, 13%–17% are sensitized to strawberry fruit ( Maeda et al., 2010 Ono et al., 2007). The symptoms of OAS result from eating fresh fruit ( Ebisawa et al., 2017). The main OAS symptoms are tingling and itching as an IgE-mediated allergic reaction, and anaphylaxis in serious cases ( Ma et al., 2003). However, strawberries also contain allergens that can cause oral allergic syndrome (OAS) in some people. In addition to its versatility as a fresh or processed food, it has become a popular food for human health because it contains bioavailable components such as phenolic compounds ( Afrin et al., 2016 Giampieri et al., 2014 Kurze et al., 2018). Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa) is a popular fruit worldwide. ![]() These findings suggested that the Fra a 1.01 protein accumulates in response to environmental factors such as cold stress. Regarding variations over time, the Fra a 1.01 protein content was higher in fruits harvested at midnight in January than in those harvested at other times and in other months. A shading treatment on fruit did not significantly affect Fra a 1.01 protein accumulation in strawberry fruits. We investigated the effects of irradiation and low temperature as environmental factors controlling the accumulation of Fra a 1.01 in winter. Both ‘Akihime’ and WH1 accumulated significantly higher levels of Fra a 1.01 protein in winter than in spring. Fruits cultivated under the same environmental conditions should be used for comparisons of the allergenicity among genotypes. Under the same environmental conditions, there was no significant difference in Fra a 1.01 levels between the two cultivars over several months, suggesting that receptacle color was not indicative of allergenicity caused by Fra a 1.01. In the preliminary rough screening, we selected the line WH1 bearing white fruit and the red-fruited cultivar ‘Akihime’. We analyzed the Fra a 1.01 transcript levels and Fra a 1.01 protein levels in strawberry fruits of several genotypes across all seasons. The allergenicity of fruit caused by Fra a 1 may depend on the genotype or growing conditions. Fra a 1 is a PR-10 homolog that is regulated by environmental conditions. Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa) contains a major allergen, Fra a 1, which causes oral allergic syndrome.
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